Nevertheless, the TAT and MAT possess similar task requirements: narration of stories ( Jenkins, 2014). Therefore, a music-based test, with features of temporal regularity and variation characteristic of music, reveals how participants adapt to a flow of information. Responding to continuing auditory stimuli calls forth adaptive response to real-time change. This is different from the interpretive rendering of a static visual picture. The temporal characteristic of sound imposes duration as a facet of felt experience. The processing of sound depends upon temporal rhythms external to the cortex, while vision is subject to cyclical processing that depends upon intrinsic cortical rhythms ( Conway, Pisoni, & Kronenberger, 2009 Lewkowicz, 2000).
Sound is mediated through subcortical processes, whereas vision is represented directly in the visual cortex. Thus, a music-based test may evoke qualitatively different responses than visually based tests. As the late Oliver Sacks (2010) noted, music activates attention and memory even among patients with advanced dementia. Music characteristically induces mood or emotion that arouses feeling and memory linked to life experiences ( Juslin & Sloboda, 2010). The continuing sensory intrusion sometimes elicits visceral feelings. Participants hear it no matter how disagreeable or unpleasant. Unlike sight, one cannot avoid hearing the music. Music is heard and felt simultaneously, as vibration and as a propensity to movement. By contrast, the Music Apperception Test (MAT) depends upon sound ( van den Daele, 2007a). TAT instructions ask respondents to account for human relations, cognitive and emotional processes, actions, and outcomes inferred from pictures of people. However, both the RIM and the TAT, like most other personality tests, depend on visual stimuli. This contrasts with self-report, true–false, Likert scaled, and other common paper-and-pencil tests that constrain agency and the individuality of response to restrictive response options ( Jenkins, 2014). The appeal of these instruments arises, in part, from the tests’ sensitivity to individuality. The RIM, TAT, and derivative instruments have proven valuable for clinical assessment to generations of psychologists.
Practica musica not responding series#
The TAT is a narrative-based test that invites participants to tell stories about a series of pictures ( Morgan & Murray, 1935). The RIM requires participants to view ambiguous inkblots with the query, “What might this be?” ( Exner & Erdberg, 2005). In clinical use, the Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM Exner & Erdberg, 2005) and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT Morgan & Murray, 1935) have long been the dominant performance-based tests of implicit motivation and personality. The MAT provides an assessment tool to complement visually based performance tests in personality appraisal. The results were interpreted as consistent with differences observed in neurological studies of auditory and visual processing, educational studies of modality preference, and the cognitive style literature. Dancers who were more fluent on the MAT had a higher proportion of narratives that integrated movement and imagery compared with those more fluent on the TAT. Approximately half the dancers were significantly more fluent on the MAT than the TAT, while the other half were significantly more fluent on the TAT than the MAT. Criterion-based evaluation of dancers’ narratives found narrative emotion consistent with music written to portray the emotion, with the majority integrating movement, sensation, and imagery. Dancers had significantly shorter response latency and were more fluent in storytelling than a comparison group matched for gender and age. The MAT asks respondents to “tell a story to the music” in compositions written to represent basic emotions.
Practica musica not responding professional#
This project compared the relative performance of professional dancers and nondancers on the Music Apperception Test (MAT van den Daele, 2014), then compared dancers’ performance on the MAT with that on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT Murray, 1943).
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